5.0
(3 reviews) 7 years of experience
Zirconia All-on-4 Implants for Hollywood Smile Transformation — 5★ Hotel, 4 Nights
How it works
We've transformed the clinic search process, making it simple, fast, and personal.
Answer a few questionsTake a short quiz to share your Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants goals.
Get personalised offers3 clinics, handpicked based on your answers, provide tailored treatment plans and quotes.
Choose the best optionCompare offers and choose the clinic that suits you best.
You can also browse all 23 clinics below.
820К+ patients have got assistance since 2014
50 countries
1,500 clinics
6K+ reviews
3K+ qualified doctors
How Much Does Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants Cost in Istanbul?
The average price of Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants in Istanbul is AUD $5,676, the minimum price is AUD $4,423, and the maximum price is AUD $6,929.
| Turkey | Thailand | South Korea | |
| Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants | from AUD $4,423 | from AUD $14,286 | from AUD $16,429 |
Data verified by Bookimed as of July 2026, based on patient requests and official quotes from 81 clinics worldwide. Median costs are based on real invoices (2025–2026) and updated monthly. Actual prices may vary.
Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants Packages in Istanbul — July 2026
Procedure type
Best Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants Clinics in Istanbul: 23 Verified Options and Prices
Good Look Clinic
SUAVE DENTAL CLINIC
Ad
Lokman Hekim Istanbul HospitalAd
Inci Dis International Dental ClinicYEG Clinic
Memorial Şişli Hospital
Memorial Şişli Hospital
Turkey, Istanbul
Asli Tapan Kavusturan
26 years of experience
Clinic is certified :
You’ve viewed 4 of 23 clinics
Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants Overview in Turkey
Takeaways
Related procedures & Costs
How it works
Benefits
Payment
patients recommend -
85%
Surgery Time - 4 hours
Stay in the country - 5 days
Rehabilitation - 3 days
Anaesthesia - General anaesthesia
Verified patient reviews - 22
Bookimed fees - $0
Types of Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants
- All-on-4 Dental Implants - from AUD $2,933This therapy restores a full set of teeth using four implants per jaw, offering durability, comfort, and a natural look.
- All-on-6 Dental Implants - from AUD $5,600This therapy replaces entire dental arches using only six implants, offering patients stability and comfort.
- Mini dental implant - from AUD $410This therapy replaces missing teeth using small, metal posts, ensuring a natural look and easy chewing.
- Installation of a dental implant with crown - from AUD $733This therapy involves placing an artificial tooth root and crown to restore a missing tooth, offering durability and natural appearance.
- Dental Implant - from AUD $489This therapy installs artificial tooth roots to restore function and appearance, offering durability, convenience, and natural feel.
- Dental Implant with Abutment - from AUD $500The procedure installs a prosthetic tooth root and connector for a false tooth, enhancing oral health and smile.
- All-on-2 Dental Implants - from AUD $819This therapy replaces missing teeth with two implants and a full dental bridge, for better quality of life.
- Zygomatic All-on-2 implants - from AUD $5,715The operation secures two implants in cheekbones, providing stable foundation for full-arch restoration, beneficial for minimal bone quantity patients.
- Flapless All-on-2 implant surgery - from AUD $11,429This therapy replaces missing teeth using two implants, without lifting the gum, ensuring quicker recovery and comfort.
- Zygomatic All-on-4 implants - from AUD $9,832This therapy offers a surgical solution for people without adequate jawbone for dental implants.
- Flapless All-on-4 implant surgery - from AUD $10,715This therapy replaces missing teeth using four implants, without incisions, allowing faster recovery and less discomfort.
- Same day All-on-4 dental implants - from AUD $3,857The procedure replaces missing teeth instantly through four implants, ensuring swift recovery and immediate, natural-looking results.
- Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants - from AUD $4,423The procedure offers full mouth restoration with four zirconia implants, providing durability, natural look, and low maintenance.
- Zygomatic All-on-6 implants - from AUD $6,786The procedure provides firm support for dental prosthesis, using six implants in zygoma bone with immediate loading benefits.
- Flapless All-on-6 implant surgery - from AUD $12,858This therapy uses six implants to support a full arch prosthesis without making surgical flaps, ensuring less pain and swelling.
- Endosteal implant - from AUD $857This therapy inserts a type of artificial tooth directly into the jawbone, providing a natural, durable solution.
- Subperiosteal implant - from AUD $1,571The procedure places a custom-fit frame under gums and atop jawbone, offering robust support for artificial teeth.
- Transosteal implant - from AUD $4,429This procedure implants teeth anchors through the jawbone and gum for superior dental prosthetic stability.
- Zygomatic implant - from AUD $3,572This therapy sets implants into cheekbones, providing support for dentures, offering a solution for severe bone loss.
- Two stage dental implant - from AUD $1,714This therapy replaces missing teeth in two stages.
- Basal implant - from AUD $1,671These implants anchor into jaw"s basal bone, offering a tooth replacement process, notably swift, minimally invasive, and rehabilitation-effective.
- Tilted implant - from AUD $929This therapy places angled dental implants in the jawbone, enhancing bone-to-implant contact and chewing efficiency.
How to find best offer with Bookimed?
Discover options on the website: deals, clinics, and doctors.
Select your favourites.
Share photos or describe your issue.
Send a request.
Receive free offers for your needs with prices and details.
Compare and finalise your choice.
Book your clinic visit.
Pay at the clinic. Bookimed fees are $0 for you.
From start to finish, the Bookimed coordinator keeps you safe and comfortable during your medical journey.
100% free, non-binding assessment of your case after photos download.
Instant FREE personalised offers to make the right choice.
Expert guidance in choosing the perfect Dental Treatment doctor and clinic.
Special packages and exclusive prices for our patients.
24/7 Bookimed guidance at no cost, guaranteed.
Hassle-free translation of your medical documents for clinics.
Multilingual staff — no language barrier with Bookimed coordinator.
Bookimed ensures transparent and secure payments. Patients pay at the clinic with no additional fees.
Available Payment Methods:
How to Secure an Appointment:
1. Documents: Passport and ticket copies.
or
2. Deposit:
- Bookimed deposit: $200 or €200.
- Clinic deposit: Pay a set percentage in advance.
For more information, see our Payment Policy
Our Trusted Doctors
View all Doctorsverified
Imad Alboshe
10 years of experience
Dr Imad Alboshe is a multidisciplinary dental surgeon at Suave Dental Clinic, where he has performed over 1,100 successful oral procedures.
- Specialises in full-mouth rehabilitation using Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants
- Holds a Doctor of Dental Surgery from the prestigious Okan University in Istanbul
- Expertise in periodontology ensures a healthy foundation for long-term implant stability
- Combines cosmetic dentistry with secure implant techniques for functional, natural-looking results
- Focuses on patient education to ensure clinical transparency during the restoration process
verified
Ertan Etemoglu
32 years of experience
Dr Ertan Etemoglu is a specialist implantologist and member of the American Dental Association who handles complex restorations at Tower Dental Clinic.
- Specialises in All-on-4 techniques using high-grade Zirconia bridges for durability
- Expert in zygomatic and subperiosteal implants for patients with severe jawbone loss
- Performs bone grafting and sinus lift surgeries to prepare difficult cases
- Uses premium Straumann and Nobel Biocare systems for long-term implant stability
- Practices at an official Straumann-recognised provider centre in Istanbul
verified
Hakan Guney
12 years of experience
Dr Hakan Guney is a graduate of one of Istanbul's most prestigious dental schools and practices at the Tower Dental Clinic.
- Focuses on full-arch restorations using high-durability zirconia materials
- Specialises in aesthetic smile design for international patients
- Expertise includes complex dental implant placements
- Trained in one of Turkey's top-tier medical and dental faculties
verified
Ezgi Yuceer Cetiner
13 years of experience
Dr Ezgi Yuceer Cetiner is a specialist oral and maxillofacial surgeon who has performed over 1,100 successful facial and dental treatments.
- Assistant Professor at Bahçeşehir University dental hospital in Istanbul
- Completed a PhD in oral and maxillofacial surgery specialising in complex bone regeneration
- Focuses on reconstructive surgery and advanced dental implantology
- Member of international associations for oral and maxillofacial specialists
- Published researcher in peer-reviewed journals regarding jaw pathology and dental implants
Reviews about Bookimed: Discover Patients' Insights
All reviewsIain • Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants
United Kingdom
22 Jan 2026
I am extremely pleased with the final results and have had so many great reactions and comments about my new teeth, especially how natural and real they look
I recently returned from my second trip to WestDent Clinic in Izmir, Turkey. In September 2025 I had full mouth extractions, 12 Zirconia implants placed (6 upper jaw, 6 lower jaw), gums stitched over the implants to help Osseointegration of the implants.
I returned in January 2026 for the final stage treatment and the installation of 24 Zirconium crowns. This involved the implants being revealed. The healing caps of the implants being removed and temporary abutments fitted so impressions could be taken of my gums, upper and lower jaws. This is so the implants will fit perfectly when my new teeth had been designed with the aid of C.A.D.
The abutments were then removed and healing caps replaced onto the implants.
Next day my permanent abutments were installed and I was given some temporary teeth which placed onto my abutments, and could be removed. They were made of a foul tasting material called PMMA. But it gave a good idea of the final results, even though they were a greyish colour.
The final day my permanent teeth were checked rigourously for bite adjustment, gaps, spacing, alignment etc, before being placed permanently.
My second visit was a five day stay, and involved visiting the Clinic each day, and a couple of longer days towards the end.
But I am extremely pleased with the final results and have had so many great reactions and comments about my new teeth, especially how natural and real they look.
But I have to say big Thanks to my medical coordinator at Bookimed, Dr Kora. By booking my trip to WestDent Clinic in Izmir through Bookimed, it completely removed the added stress of having to organise all of the logistics of the trip on my own. Dr Kora was extremely helpful and efficient in helping to organise and arrange everything with the Clinic on my behalf. Also answering any questions or concerns I may have had at any point, over the two trips. For which I am extremely grateful!
I recently returned from my second visit to WestDent Clinic in Izmir, Turkey. The Clinic is staffed by warm and welcoming people. You are treated well, and the Clinic itself is clean and hygienic.
I honestly can't say that there was anything I didn't like. I felt like I was treated well during both visits and the level of professionalism and care was very good.
Obviously having dental implants involves a significant amount of dental work to be done, but I felt it was done as well as possible.
About Bookimed service
Excellent service provided by Bookimed. I am especially grateful for the help and assistance I received at all stages by the amazing Dr Kora!
Always polite, friendly and ready to help.
Arranged all of the logistics with WestDent Clinic on my behalf for both trips. For which I will always be grateful.
I would highly recommend Bookimed to anyone who is thinking about going abroad for a medical procedure!
Iain • Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants
United Kingdom
19 Sept 2025
I am so happy that I went ahead with my treatment
I just want to say that WestDent clinic was very welcoming, and all the staff are great. They really do make you feel comfortable and are consistently making sure that you are okay, and helping to allay any concerns you may have.
The clinic itself is very clean and the level of care provided is first class. I would definitely recommend this clinic to anyone considering dental treatment in Turkey. I have recently returned home after having all of my teeth extracted and 12 Zirconia implants placed in my jaws, 6 in each jaw.
I currently don't have any teeth as my gums need to heal properly before I return in four months. To be honest, the fact that I don't have any teeth doesn't really bother me. I just feel grateful to have had all my teeth removed as they were very overcrowded, my front upper teeth were buckled and I had a few broken teeth also.
I am due to return to WestDent clinic in January (2026)
to have my new Zirconia teeth installed and any adjustments to be made, ensuring that I return home next time with a perfect smile.
If you are reading this while considering dental treatment, just take the plunge. I am so happy that I went ahead with my treatment.
Every other patient I spoke to during my visit was really happy with the clinic and the treatment they received.
I really liked how friendly everyone was. It's just a really nice welcoming atmosphere.
In all fairness I can't really say that there was anything that I disliked. I was a little surprised when I found out that I was going to need six implants per jaw, rather than four
But if I'm honest, I always felt like that may be a possibility anyway, even before the 3D scan was taken.
Overall I was happy with the whole experience.
About Bookimed service
I had a great experience with Bookimed! My contact was Dr.Kora. By using Bookimed it really made the whole process of organising such a big trip far less daunting than it might have been otherwise.
From the very beginning I was given details and quotes from many different clinics in various places in Turkey.
Eventually I narrowed it down to WestDent Clinic in Izmir. Once I had decided on the clinic, Dr.Kora and Bookimed basically organised the whole thing for me!
I was amazed at how seamless they made the whole process. I would highly recommend Bookimed to anyone considering an elective Medical procedures abroad.
I am due to return to WestDent clinic in January, and I will be using Bookimed again to help me organise the second trip.
Many Thanks to both Bookimed, and Dr.Kora! 🙏🏻
Holger Bellmann • Dental Implant
Turkey
22 Mar 2026
Such an unparalleled, all-encompassing service is unthinkable in Germany!
My rather unexpected decision to have two implants fitted at the age of 76 was immediately put into action by Dentist Gürkan! He gave me excellent advice, then examined my jawbone using an X-ray, and after a further 45 minutes, the two implants were professionally and perfectly in place! His very, very friendly manner and steady hand made this procedure a truly memorable experience! My thanks also go to the entire team: the surgical assistant, the reception staff, as well as the German interpreter and the member of staff who drove me from the office to the Dent-Helen-Clinic and, after the treatment, to the nearest cash machine, and looked after me. Such an unparalleled, all-encompassing service is unthinkable in Germany! Thank you very much for this positive experience and for continuing to keep your patients happy! I am already very much looking forward to returning to complete the treatment in a few months’ time!
Best regards from Holger, aka Biker Bruno
About Bookimed service
Right from the very first contact, I’ve had nothing but the best experiences with Bookimed!
Eduard • Dental Implant
Slovakia
2 July 2026
The doctor personally fitted my 3–4 NTA implants and immediately gave me a clear timeline for when the crowns could be fitted, which was very reassuring
What I was most worried about was how the recovery would go and the journey home. And with good reason. My feelings are mixed so far; it’s still too early to talk about the final result, but the procedure itself went well. The doctor personally fitted my 3–4 NTA implants and immediately gave me a clear timeline for when the crowns could be fitted, which was very reassuring. The post-operative instructions were clear, and the only additional expense I had to cover was for medication. My only important piece of advice to future patients is this: if you can, extend your stay after the operation, because the flight is very tiring.
The Wi-Fi at the hotel doesn’t always work, so the coordinator can’t get through on the phone
Aleksei Zhurkin • Denture
Ukraine
22 June 2026
The support didn’t stop after the procedure — the clinic was always available if I had any questions, which I think is important
Before the procedure, the doctor took the time to explain what to expect, which helped me prepare myself mentally. The partial denture placement took only two visits, which was very convenient. The support continued after the procedure, as the clinic was always available to answer any questions, which I consider important. The only thing to take into account is that I incurred additional costs after the initial payment. Overall, I rate the doctor's and team's work as good, but not excellent, so I give it 4 out of 5.
Anonymous • Dental Implant
Germany
20 June 2026
The clinic provided excellent support after the procedure: they were always available and gave me clear aftercare instructions
It was very important to me that the surgeon personally carried out the placement of my seven-plus implants. Everything went according to plan. I’m currently in the early stages of recovery, and I’m feeling exactly as I expected, with no surprises. The clinic provided excellent support after the procedure: they were always available and gave me clear aftercare instructions. The doctor also gave me a clear timeline for the fitting of the crowns and, importantly, there were no additional costs.
Everything was very well organised: the hotel, the airport pick-up, and the taxi arrangements for the journey to the clinic and back to the hotel.
Personally, I was very pleased with everything, including the way the clinic was run
Anonymous • Dental Implant
United Kingdom
20 June 2026
The aftercare was excellent
What stuck in my mind most was the moment when the doctor showed me the CT scan and explained the entire treatment plan in detail. He personally carried out the placement of my seven Straumann implants. The aftercare was excellent. They took an active interest in how I was feeling, gave me very clear aftercare instructions and were always available, which was very reassuring. The only additional costs were for the medication, which I bought from a chemist. It’s worth noting that everything I needed to know was explained to me before I arrived at the clinic, so there were no surprises.
A huge thank you to the doctor, the coordinator and the whole clinic staff for their patient and attentive care of their patients. I really do feel lucky to have ended up at this clinic. I missed my flight and lost a whole day. Despite this, they admitted me and carried out everything that had been planned. Right from the start, I really liked this clinic. The staff are warm-hearted and caring people.Thank you also for your help with the translation. For me, there was nothing negative about my first visit. The post-operative instructions were more than detailed. I’m looking forward to the second and final stage. I’d like to believe that I won’t be disappointed going forward either. I’ll definitely leave a review.
.
Kimberlie Jackson • Dental Implant
United States of America
22 Oct 2023
It was an experience my husband and I will never forget!!
Bookimed was so helpful and extremely nice. Everything they told me was to the detail accurate. I was very nervous about this because we’d never traveled that far before, just so many unknowns. But from the minute we were picked up from the airport we felt completely comfortable. Even with the language barrier, there were tons of laughs, smiles and hugs. It was an experience my husband and I will never forget!!
About Bookimed service
I was very nervous about this trip and had tons of questions, so I’m sure at times I was driving the young lady that helped me crazy, but never did she make me feel that way. She always answered me in a timely fashion. She would even call the dentist office with questions I had and she would let me know right away what they had to say.
I’m usually not a very trusting person, but she helped me know that even though we’d never met I could completely trust her. It was an experience of a lifetime, and I would definitely use them again.
Rami • Dental Implant
Canada
17 May 2026
His support, responsiveness, and commitment made all the difference for me, and I am sincerely grateful for everything he did
I want to sincerely thank Winnington at Bookimed for the exceptional support he provided during my dental treatment (4 implants) journey in Istanbul.
What truly stood out was how Winnington completely transformed a very stressful situation into a successful and fully satisfying experience.
I only had a 3-day stay in Istanbul after a long 9.5 hrs flight from Canada, initially I had an appointment arranged with another clinic that I honestly did not feel comfortable moving forward with. At that point, the situation became very stressful because of the limited time I had available and the fear of wasting the entire trip without receiving the treatment I urgently needed.
This is where Winnington went far above and beyond.
Understanding the urgency and pressure I was under, he acted incredibly fast and managed to arrange a new appointment for me with Memorial Hospital on extremely short notice. Thanks entirely to his efforts, coordination, and persistence, I was able to secure an appointment almost immediately despite the tight timeline.
That single action completely changed the outcome of my trip.
The experience at Memorial Hospital was outstanding from start to finish, I left extremely satisfied with both the care and the results.
Throughout the entire process, Winnington stayed in constant communication, followed up regularly, helped clarify pricing and logistics, handled concerns professionally, and genuinely made me feel supported during a very stressful moment.
What impressed me most was not only his professionalism, but his ability to deliver solutions under pressure and truly advocate for the patient. Without his quick actions and dedication, my trip could have easily turned into a disappointing experience.
I highly recommend Bookimed (big shout out to Winnington) to anyone considering medical treatment abroad. His support, responsiveness, and commitment made all the difference for me, and I am sincerely grateful for everything he did.
I want to sincerely thank Winnington at Bookimed for the exceptional support he provided during my dental treatment (4 implants) journey in Istanbul.
What truly stood out was how Winnington completely transformed a very stressful situation into a successful and fully satisfying experience.
I only had a 3-day stay in Istanbul after a long 9.5 hrs flight from Canada, initially I had an appointment arranged with another clinic that I honestly did not feel comfortable moving forward with. At that point, the situation became very stressful because of the limited time I had available and the fear of wasting the entire trip without receiving the treatment I urgently needed.
This is where Winnington went far above and beyond.
Understanding the urgency and pressure I was under, he acted incredibly fast and managed to arrange a new appointment for me with Memorial Hospital on extremely short notice. Thanks entirely to his efforts, coordination, and persistence, I was able to secure an appointment almost immediately despite the tight timeline.
That single action completely changed the outcome of my trip.
The experience at Memorial Hospital was outstanding from start to finish, I left extremely satisfied with both the care and the results.
Throughout the entire process, Winnington stayed in constant communication, followed up regularly, helped clarify pricing and logistics, handled concerns professionally, and genuinely made me feel supported during a very stressful moment.
What impressed me most was not only his professionalism, but his ability to deliver solutions under pressure and truly advocate for the patient. Without his quick actions and dedication, my trip could have easily turned into a disappointing experience.
I highly recommend Bookimed (big shout out to Winnington) to anyone considering medical treatment abroad. His support, responsiveness, and commitment made all the difference for me, and I am sincerely grateful for everything he did.
Anonymous • Dental Implant
22 June 2026
I really didn’t like the way I was treated at the clinic; there’s no organisation, the interpreters are constantly coming and going, and you constantly feel lost because you don’t speak the language. I have no complaints about the operation itself or the surgeon; everything went quickly, smoothly and painlessly.
Yuriy • Zirconia crown installation
Ukraine
7 Sept 2025
The coordinator Valeria was very helpful and advised with everything I asked her about
We had a crown and a filling done promptly at the clinic. The coordinator Valeria was very helpful and advised with everything I asked her about and translated everything to the doctor promptly. The cost was the same as agreed. I have already contacted Bookimed many times and they always help me with appointments and treatments
Елена • Dental Implant
Germany
9 Apr 2026
The surgeon and staff worked very professionally and seamlessly, creating a calm and reassuring atmosphere
If you’re considering getting a dental implant, I’d advise you first and foremost to prepare yourself for the recovery period. It’s now the second week since my operation, and I’m still avoiding chewing on that side so as not to put any strain on the area, and there’s still a slight redness around the gum. This is normal. I had a Straumann implant fitted. The organisation at the clinic was excellent, and the surgeon and staff worked very professionally and seamlessly, creating a calm and reassuring atmosphere. I have no complaints about their work. I am happy with my choice.
Excellent translators, professional doctors, and a caring approach to every patient
They didn’t provide a description of the implant, just the brand name. The payment receipt doesn’t list the prices for each service, only the total amount.
Oleg • Dental Implant
Germany
2 Apr 2026
Right now, fifteen days post-op, I have no discomfort when chewing, which was a huge relief during my first few meals
If you’re thinking about getting an implant abroad, my main piece of advice is to ignore the technical jargon and focus on the surgeon's skill. I honestly couldn't tell you the brand or diameter of the post they used, but the way it feels matters more to me anyway. Right now, fifteen days post-op, I have no discomfort when chewing, which was a huge relief during my first few meals. The clinic and staff were genuinely helpful, though I am still dealing with some slight redness around the gums. It isn't painful. While the surgeon was excellent and the facility was clean, the healing process is definitely a journey. If you are planning to do this, my best advice is to just have patience.
The clinic. The work of doctors.
The hotel, meals at the hotel, and responses to queries and requests after payment.
Natalіya • Dental Implant
Germany
11 June 2024
I recommend it to anyone looking to enhance their smile!
I was pleased with everything: the qualified staff, the cleanliness, and comfort of the facility. Coordinators Eldar and Valeria were excellent. Valeria's assistance as a translator and transfer organizer was invaluable. Everything was well-organized, and all medications were provided. The work of the doctors was top-notch. I recommend it to anyone looking to enhance their smile!
About Bookimed service
Thank you, Bookimed, for recommending a reputable clinic and staying in touch with me.
Inna • Dental Implant
Ukraine
22 Sept 2023
Individual approach 100%
Wonderful doctors, professional and at the same time listening to the patient. Individual approach 100%. Meeting at the airport, transfer, hotel check-in, escort - everything is great. Special thanks to my curator-translator Olga, simply a person with a capital P. She helped not only with medical issues 24/7, but also with her stay in Turkey, always in touch, always ready to help, always friendly and supportive.
Zirconia All-on-4 dental implants: Before & after photos
View allShare this content
Updated: 02/07/2026
Authored by
Anna Leonova
Anna Leonova
Head of Content Marketing Team
A certified medical writer with 10+ years of experience, developed Bookimed’s trusted content, backed by a Master’s in Philology and medical expert interviews worldwide.
Reviewed by Bookimed Medical Advisor
Fahad Mawlood
Medical Editor & Data Scientist
General practitioner. Winner of 4 scientific awards. Served in Western Asia. Former Team Leader of a medical team supporting Arabic-speaking patients. Now responsible for data processing and medical content accuracy.
Fahad Mawlood LinkedinThis page may feature information relating to various medical conditions, treatments, and healthcare services available in different countries. Please be advised that the content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice or guidance. Please consult with your doctor or a qualified medical professional before starting or changing medical treatment.