Osteotomy Rhinoplasty in Istanbul, Turkey — AUD Costs, Best Clinics 2026

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How Much Does Osteotomy rhinoplasty Cost in Istanbul?

The average price of Osteotomy rhinoplasty in Istanbul is AUD $6,987, the minimum price is AUD $4,192, and the maximum price is AUD $9,782.

	Turkey	Thailand	South Korea
Osteotomy rhinoplasty	from AUD $4,192	from AUD $3,354	from AUD $2,345

Data verified by Bookimed as of September 2026, based on patient requests and official quotes from 91 clinics worldwide. Median costs are based on real invoices (2025–2026) and updated monthly. Actual prices may vary.

Best Osteotomy rhinoplasty Clinics in Istanbul: 37 Verified Options and Prices

Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital

Turkey, Istanbul

Dr Emre Gunbey

13 years of experience

Clinic is certified :

Assistant Professor Dr Emre Gunbey leads the ENT department. He holds European Board certification and completed an observer placement at the Mayo Clinic. The clinic uses ultrasonic rhinoplasty for precise bone work and costal cartilage grafting for reconstruction. Operations may cost around A$7,400. This package covers specialized nurse care, a sinus CT scan, and post-operative medications. It also includes VIP transfers and hotel accommodation. Lokman Hekim Istanbul Hospital maintains JCI accreditation and ISO 9001 certification for international safety standards.

diagnostics
Plastic Surgery Consultation	AUD $419 - AUD $4,611
Complete blood count	AUD $152 - AUD $306

Memorial Şişli Hospital

Turkey, Istanbul

Mustafa Akarcay

29 years of experience

Clinic is certified :

Memorial Şişli Hospital was the first in Turkey to achieve JCI accreditation, meeting rigorous international safety benchmarks. Dr Mustafa Akarcay leads the ENT department, bringing specialist expertise from his tenure as an Associate Professor at several medical faculties. Surgery may cost around A$5,700 with an all-inclusive package. This typically covers the procedure, one night in hospital, and five nights in a hotel with breakfast for a companion. VIP transfers and a full year of follow-up care with the surgical team are also included.

diagnostics
Consultation with creation of treatment plan	AUD $307
Mammography	AUD $657 - AUD $838

Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital

Turkey, Istanbul

Clinic is certified :

Memorial Bahçelievler Hospital holds a LEED Platinum certificate for its eco-friendly design – a first for Turkish medical centres. This green environment uses hypoallergenic plants to support recovery and comfort. Surgery typically costs around A$4,300–A$7,300. This price generally includes free airport transfers for international patients. The hospital is part of Turkey's largest medical network, known for high surgical success rates. Australian patients receive a personal coordinator and interpreter to manage all logistics and consultations. The facility is located five minutes from the airport.

diagnostics
Consultation with creation of treatment plan	AUD $307
Mammography	AUD $657 - AUD $838

Op. Dr. Sinan Eroglu Clinic

Turkey, Istanbul

Clinic is certified :

Op Dr Sinan Eroglu Clinic treats 400 rhinoplasty patients each year. This high volume allows the surgeon to focus solely on nasal aesthetics. The clinic operates as a single-surgeon practice. This model ensures direct care from the lead surgeon during consultation and recovery. The facility is accredited by the Turkish Medical Association and uses a multilingual team to assist Australians. Each procedure focuses on achieving natural facial harmony. The clinic’s location in Istanbul’s upscale Sisli district provides easy access for international visitors.

Price on request

Dr. Safa Manav Clinic

Turkey, Istanbul

Dr Safa Manav Md

14 years of experience

Clinic is certified :

Dr Safa Manav is a European Board-certified plastic surgeon and FEBOPRAS fellow with international training from UZ Brussels. The clinic regularly welcomes Australian patients, offering a streamlined experience for those travelling from abroad. A typical package includes a one-night hospital stay, pre-operative tests, and airport transfers. Patients receive 24-hour health support, all required medications, and a dedicated post-operative aftercare service. Dr Manav holds various awards for surgical excellence, including the Clinical Branch First Prize. The clinic maintains international standards as an active member of ISAPS.

Price on request

You’ve viewed 5 of 37 clinics

Osteotomy rhinoplasty Overview in Turkey

Takeaways

Related procedures & Costs

How it works

Benefits

Payment

patients recommend -

85%

Surgery Time - 3 hours

Stay in the country - 7 days

Rehabilitation - 1 day

Anaesthesia - General anaesthesia

Requests processed - 110449

Verified patient reviews - 20

Bookimed fees - $0

Types of Osteotomy rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty (nose job) - from AUD $4,873
The procedure alters the shape or size of the nose, enhancing facial harmony, and improving breathing issues.
Tip rhinoplasty - from AUD $1,258
The procedure refines the nose"s tip, enhancing nasal balance and harmony through reshaping, offering a more aesthetically pleasing appearance.
Closed rhinoplasty - from AUD $1,625
The operation reshapes the nose internally, ensuring a better profile with minimal scarring and faster recovery.
Open rhinoplasty - from AUD $1,625
The nose reshaping via incisions on the outside to achieve greater surgical control and visibility.
Revision rhinoplasty - from AUD $6,502
The procedure repairs previous nose surgeries results to improve nasal function and appearance through precise reconstructive techniques.
Nasal hump removal - from AUD $3,252
The procedure smooths the nose"s shape by removing excess bone and cartilage, enhancing facial harmony.
Asian Rhinoplasty - from AUD $3,913
**Asian Rhinoplasty**: This surgery reshapes the nose to achieve a natural, harmonious look, often using implants or cartilage grafts, with a focus on cultural and aesthetic preferences.
Ethnic Rhinoplasty - from AUD $5,729
Reshaping the nose to enhance facial harmony while respecting and preserving the patient"s unique ethnic features, ensuring a natural-looking result with careful treatment planning and recovery guidance.
Filler Rhinoplasty (Nose Filler) - from AUD $699
A non-surgical procedure uses injectable fillers to reshape and enhance the nose"s appearance, offering immediate results with minimal recovery time.
Liquid Rhinoplasty - from AUD $2,655
A procedure to use injectable fillers to reshape and contour the nose, offering immediate results with minimal recovery time, perfect for those seeking subtle enhancements.
Bulbous Nose Rhinoplasty - from AUD $3,913
Reshaping a rounded nasal tip by refining cartilage and tissue, enhancing facial harmony, with recovery typically involving mild swelling and downtime.
Male Rhinoplasty - from AUD $3,913
Reshaping of a man"s nose for improved appearance or function, involving adjustments to bone and cartilage with a recovery period of several weeks.
Wide Nose Rhinoplasty - from AUD $3,913
This surgical procedure reshapes the nose by narrowing and refining the nasal structure, enhancing facial harmony and often leading to improved breathing and self-confidence.

Our Trusted Doctors

View all Doctors

Dr Safa Manav Md

14 years of experience

Recognised as a top 10 plastic surgeon in Turkey, Dr Safa Manav earned a High Honour Certificate from Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine.

Holds European Board certification (FEBOPRAS) in plastic and reconstructive surgery
Completed an international fellowship at the prestigious UZ Brussels Plastic Surgery Clinic
International member of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons and The Aesthetic Society
Received the Best Medical Paper Award and clinical research prizes for surgical excellence

Emrah Koksal

9 years of experience

Dr Emrah Koksal helps patients at Medical Park Goztepe Hospital Complex, specialising in delicate nasal reshaping and functional reconstructions.

Trained at the prestigious Gulhane Military Medical Academy in plastic and reconstructive surgery
Member of the International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ISAPS)
Holds specialist membership with the Turkish Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Association
Expertise includes reconstructive microsurgery for complex facial cases
Focuses on achieving natural aesthetic results through precise surgical techniques

Ozge Utku Aydemir

8 years of experience

Dr Ozge Utku Aydemir holds European Board certification and specialised at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, one of Turkey’s largest surgical training centres.

Certified by the European Board of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery (EBOPRAS)
Completed advanced training courses focused specifically on rhinoplasty and facial aesthetics
Highly skilled in complex facial reconstructive techniques and microsurgery
Active member of the Turkish Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery

Burak Ergun Tatar

9 years of experience

Dr Burak Ergun Tatar graduated with distinction from the Istanbul University School of Medicine and holds specialised certification in microsurgery from Rome.

Completed a prestigious microsurgery fellowship at Universita Campus Bio-Medico in Italy
Holds specialised certification in animal research and medical statistics
Practises at Medipol Acibadem District Hospital with a focus on reconstructive surgery
Received third place in a national scientific research competition by TUBITAK
Trained in plastic and aesthetic surgery at Bagcılar Research and Training Hospital

Reviews about Bookimed: Discover Patients' Insights

ines • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

France

30 May 2026

Verified review.

The surgeon and the clinic itself were excellent

The possibility of breathing issues was my primary concern going into this. And honestly, that has been the biggest challenge in recovery so far, with one nostril constantly feeling stuffed. My surgeon performed a closed rhinoplasty. Everything is still very swollen along the bridge, but I can already see that my nose tip appears more refined, which is a great sign. The surgeon and the clinic itself were excellent. The general staff were great, though post-op instructions could have been a bit more explicit. I'm satisfied with the medical care I received so far

Dr. Erol is an amazing doctor, his work was amazing he truly listened to my request and expectations and he was really patient and reassuring. The medical assistance team as well, they really took good care of me, they were present when i needed them.

post-op instructions could’ve been explained better

Robyn Cottrell • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

Canada

3 Apr 2025

Verified review.

I breath perfectly now after surgery and my nose is a lot straighter

I felt very secure and taken care of through the entire experience. All of my inquiries were answered very promptly by both the bookiemed coordinator, the assistant, and my doctor (Dr. C Altindąg), is very experienced and talked me through what to expect and analyzed my nose very thoroughly. I breath perfectly now after surgery and my nose is a lot straighter (I had a severe deviated septum and other complications from a past surgery that he identified and corrected including a mirgrated graft and a droopy tip). I'm still quite swollen but look forward to seeing final results in a few months.

Yuliya • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

France

2 Feb 2024

Verified review.

But the calmness and poise of the doctor and his team completely dispelled my doubts

I liked everything overall. Initially, I was very afraid, starting with the flight to another country, the transfer to the hotel and the operation itself. But the calmness and poise of the doctor and his team completely dispelled my doubts. 5 hours after the operation I returned to the hotel. Which is also very good because the hospital ward is the worst for me. Exactly after a week I took off the splint, my nose was still swollen. The nose is proportional to my face. When the swelling goes down it will be smaller

Igor' Kovtun • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

Poland

12 Apr 2024

Verified review.

To say that I was shocked by the doctor's approach to treatment is to say nothing. My impressions to you, just do not wish to experience. The operation was agreed in advance counselling and my wishes. The day of the operation came. In the morning I was picked up from the hotel and with an interpreter, I went through all the analyses. On the question when I will have a meeting with the doctor I was told at 9 am then I pointed out that I am allergic to one drug. But they wouldn't give me any medication before the operation without the doctor's consent. When I was already changed clothes for the operation ( I apologise myself in underwear, in an operating gown ) came the doctor and began to explain to me on his hands that it can not be like this, as I want and he sees it all differently. He began to explain to me with his fingers how it will be. Interrupting the interpreter. The interpreter couldn't keep up with the translation. Hurrying me to make a decision. I replied that I couldn't make a decision without seeing any pictures of what was waiting for me. Then after about an hour of dialogue, the doctor corrected the curvature of my nose on the telephoto in front of me and said here's what awaits you and covered the tip of my nose with his hand. Again we heard my refusal, to which I was told there is no time and I have to make a decision. They told me there was no time and I had to make a decision. My wishes were ignored. What was agreed upon before the operation was changed. My wishes were to correct the curvature and to change and reduce the tip of the nose. The result of the operation is that the curvature was not corrected and the septum remained the same. But the cartilage was grown on the side, which I did not ask for at all, and the nose was visually enlarged and the tip was corrected. Now I'm just shocked with my appearance to say the least. Everything was done at the discretion of the doctor. He ignored all my wishes. Putting me in front of the fact. Without showing me a single photo of what's in store for me. Explaining it to me on my fingers.

Anonymous • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

Italy

1 Sept 2026

Verified review.

For anyone researching this, my main piece of advice is to find a doctor you can truly trust; this was the most critical factor for me and made all the difference

My confidence in the process was solidified during the consultation. The surgeon clearly detailed how a closed rhinoplasty would be performed, focusing on a functional correction for my septum to improve my breathing. I am still in early recovery now. Everything is going according to the plan we discussed. For anyone researching this, my main piece of advice is to find a doctor you can truly trust; this was the most critical factor for me and made all the difference.

Anonymous • Blepharoplasty (Eyelid correction)

United Arab Emirates

25 Aug 2026

Verified review.

What stood out was this genuine care that the end result was as good as was possible

The doctor was good and appears to have done a good job. I didn't feel like a number; he seemed to want to get the best outcome possible and it meant something to him. What stood out was this genuine care that the end result was as good as was possible. The procedure was under general anesthesia, and my recovery is progressing about as expected. The clinic itself is great. The only issue was with the night staff, who didn't seem to know what they were doing as much as the day staff did. The clinic has stayed in touch afterward, which is reassuring. One thing to note is that there were additional expenses for take-home medications, which I think should have been included in the initial quote. For future patients, I’d say most things are covered under general expectations, so no special preparation was needed.

The Dr was good and appears to have done a good job. I didn't feel like a number, he seemed to want to get the best outcome possible and it meant something to him.

The night staff didn't really seem to know what they were doing as much as the day staff.

Anonymous • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

Austria

21 Aug 2026

Verified review.

Honestly, I can't think of anything that needs improvement

My main concern was organization and communication, especially when traveling for surgery. This ultimately was not a concern. From my first contact with Bookimed to the end of my treatment, everything was organized, smooth, and professional. They were responsive and helpful, offering multiple doctor options and answering all my questions in detail. I chose Dr. Sinan Erçülo after my own research. During the consultation, he showed me before and after photos of similar noses and was honest about the realistic outcomes. He personally performed the open nose surgery. His team was also excellent, especially Tali. I truly felt supported throughout the journey. The recovery period is progressing almost as expected, and the clinic continues to provide support through a clear aftercare guide and easy access. There were no additional expenses. Honestly, I can't think of anything that needs improvement.

كل شيء كان ممتازًا من البداية إلى النهاية، وبصراحة ليس لدي أي شكاوى على الإطلاق. تواصلت لأول مرة مع Bookimed عندما كنت أفكر في إجراء عملية زرع الذقن مع عملية تجميل الأنف. من البداية، كان الفريق شديد الاستجابة ومتعاونًا. قدموا لي عدة خيارات للطبيب وأجابوا على جميع أسئلتي بسرعة، وكانوا دائمًا على استعداد لشرح حتى أصغر التفاصيل. لم أشعر أبدًا أن أي سؤال كان بسيطًا أو غير مهم. بعد إجراء بحثي الخاص والنظر بعناية في الأطباء ونتائجهم، قررت الذهاب مع الدكتور سنان إرأوغلو. كان بصراحة أفضل طبيب وجدته خلال بحثي بأكمله، وأنا سعيد جدًا بقراري. كانت التجربة الكاملة مع الدكتور سنان إرأوغلو ممتازة. كان فريقه أيضًا رائعًا، خاصة طالي، الذي كان لطيفًا للغاية ومهنيًا ومتعاونًا طوال العملية بأكملها. كان دائمًا متاحًا للإجابة على أسئلتي، ومساعدتي في أي شيء أحتاجه، والتأكد من أنني أعرف ما كان يحدث في كل خطوة. من اتصالي الأول مع Bookimed حتى نهاية علاجي، كان كل شيء منظمًا، سلسًا، واحترافيًا. شعرت بدعم حقيقي طوال الرحلة بأكملها. أنصح بشدة بـ Bookimed، والدكتور سنان إرأوغلو، وفريقه. لم أكن لأطلب تجربة أفضل.

بصراحة، لا أستطيع التفكير في أي شيء يحتاج إلى تحسين. من خلال تجربتي الشخصية، كان كل شيء ممتازًا وتم التعامل مع العملية بأكملها بشكل مثالي.

Anonymous • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

Hungary

14 July 2026

Verified review.

Right now, I am feeling better than expected

I remember seeing the computer imaging of my new nose during the consultation and feeling confident. My surgeon was very honest about what was realistic, and I appreciated that he personally handled everything from that first meeting to the surgery itself. He performed an open rhinoplasty to reshape my bridge and tip. Right now, I am feeling better than expected. The clinic staff has been great with follow-up; they've stayed in touch, are easy to reach, and gave me a clear aftercare guide. It was also reassuring that there were no additional expenses. If you're wondering what to bring, don't worry—they prepare you for everything, and nothing was missing for me.

Everything was wonderful, we are very satisfied, everyone was helpful and very kind and the results are the best.

Anonymous • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

Uzbekistan

11 Aug 2026

Verified review.

I was particularly pleased that the clinic staff reached out to me after the procedure to inquire about my well-being

Before the trip, I was most worried about potential unforeseen expenses, but everything was very transparent, and no additional payments beyond the agreed amount were required. I underwent a closed rhinoplasty, during which the bridge and tip of my nose were corrected. It's still too early to judge the final result, as I am still in the early stages of recovery. I was particularly pleased that the clinic staff reached out to me after the procedure to inquire about my well-being. This was very nice. The entire process was well organized.

Anonymous • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

Portugal

27 July 2026

Verified review.

As for the medical care itself, everything was excellent

What worried me the most before the surgery were the organizational aspects in a foreign country, and unfortunately, my concerns were justified. Be very careful in pharmacies: I was severely misled during currency conversion. Make sure to exchange money in advance and always request a receipt at the pharmacy. I only received the difference back after my coordinator called the pharmacy. As for the medical care itself, everything was excellent. My surgeon personally conducted both the consultation and the complete rhinoplasty. He clearly explained the objectives regarding both breathing and aesthetics. The staff remained in contact after the surgery and proactively inquired about my well-being. I now feel approximately as expected.

Liked the clinic, the staff, the doctor was attentive, the surgeon's professionalism, the coordinator's work.

Did not like the first day of arrival at the hospital, there was no translator, they did not explain the specific reason, started processing the documents, said I had to pay immediately upon arrival, without providing me with a translation, took me to the room and left me there for 2 hours alone, without water, felt like an abandoned blind kitten in a foreign country, I was on the verge of a nervous breakdown, the service did not match what was promised.

Anonymous • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

Germany

25 July 2026

Verified review.

I feel much better than I expected

I was most concerned about the recovery, but it turned out to be not scary at all. I feel much better than I expected. My doctor clearly explained the goals we are pursuing: both for breathing and aesthetics. We performed an open rhinoplasty, correcting the bridge and tip of the nose. After the procedure, the clinic team was always in touch, which was very reassuring. An important practical point: besides the cost at the clinic, I had additional expenses for medication and food, as the hotel only included breakfasts. Therefore, my main advice is to trust the team and don't be afraid of anything. Just make sure to bring extra money for medication and food.

I would like to express my immense gratitude to Bookimed for organizing the trip! Traveling for surgery without knowing the language was incredibly frightening. But the support was amazing: the whole team was constantly in touch both before and after the trip. A special thanks to the translator Olga — she was simply superb, practically guiding me through every step. I was very impressed with the doctor, and everything was convenient and comfortable. I am extremely satisfied!

Client • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

Netherlands

23 July 2026

Verified review.

The team were always on hand and helped to sort out any queries quickly, so the whole trip went smoothly, without any unnecessary stress

The consultation and the operation itself were carried out by the same doctor — that was absolutely crucial to me. Using a computer simulation, he showed me in detail what we were aiming to achieve in terms of both breathing and appearance, so I knew exactly what I was getting into. It was a full rhinoplasty using the closed technique. If you’re considering this operation, don’t be afraid to ask about anything that’s on your mind: the team were always on hand and helped to sort out any queries quickly, so the whole trip went smoothly, without any unnecessary stress. I’m still only at the start of my recovery, and it feels pretty much as I expected. It’s reassuring that there were no hidden or additional costs.

I would like to express my immense gratitude to the entire Bookimed team for the impeccable organisation of my trip and treatment. Right from the start, I felt supported, looked after and cared for at every stage. All issues were resolved quickly and professionally. I would like to extend my special thanks to Dr Ilker for his high level of professionalism, attentive care and detailed explanations. A huge thank you to the interpreter, Eliana, for her help, kindness and support throughout the entire process. I would also like to sincerely thank our driver Erkan for his punctuality, ensuring my comfort and his responsiveness. And a special thank you to the coordinating doctor, Ege, for staying in constant contact, providing prompt assistance and excellent organisation. Thanks to your seamless teamwork, I felt calm and confident. I’m delighted to recommend Bookimed and the whole team to anyone looking for high-quality treatment and a high standard of service. Thank you for your care and professionalism! 💚

No complaints. Everything was of a high standard.

Anonymous • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

11 July 2026

Verified review.

What I valued most about my surgeon was his honesty; he used computer imaging to show me the expected outcome for my full nose reshaping, which set a clear, achievable goal

My biggest worry was whether the results would be realistic. What I valued most about my surgeon was his honesty; he used computer imaging to show me the expected outcome for my full nose reshaping, which set a clear, achievable goal. The procedure was an open rhinoplasty, and while I’m still healing, my recovery is progressing about as expected. The clinic staff provided great support, staying in touch and giving me a clear aftercare guide. No surprises with costs either. For anyone planning this, I’d recommend bringing a neck pillow, cotton swabs, cleansing wipes, dry mouth spray, and a lip balm. You’ll likely be breathing through your mouth for the first week, so keeping your lips and mouth moisturized makes a big difference.

I had a great experience from start to finish. The entire team was professional, kind, and supportive throughout my facial surgery journey. They made me feel comfortable, answered all my questions, and provided excellent care before and after my procedure. The clinic was clean, well organized, and the follow-up during my recovery has been outstanding. I’m still healing, but I’m very happy with my experience so far and grateful for the care I’ve received.

Anonymous • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

Belgium

8 July 2026

Verified review.

The consultation with the doctor was the most memorable part of my preparation

The consultation with the doctor was the most memorable part of my preparation. Using computer modelling, he showed me what the result would look like, and explained very clearly what we were aiming for — both in terms of breathing and aesthetics. To correct the bridge and tip of my nose, we opted for a minimally invasive preservation rhinoplasty technique. It’s still too early to assess the final results. I was very pleased with the clinic staff – after the operation, they gave me clear aftercare instructions and stayed in constant contact with me, which was very reassuring. The only downside was that there were additional costs on top of the amount originally paid to the clinic, which is why I’ve given an overall rating of 4 rather than 5.

Good afternoon, I’d like to share my impressions of my first visit to the Lokman HEKiM clinic. The lovely and helpful coordinator was always available. I was given a warm welcome.The reception staff were very friendly. The doctor was marvellous and a true professional. I was completely satisfied with the outcome of the treatment. I would highly recommend this specialist.

Larry Brighton • Rhinoplasty (nose job)

United States of America

17 Mar 2025

Verified review.

The results AMAZING!!!! It looks so natural and matches my face perfectly

My nose was large and not an easy case for Dr Cem Altindag to work with. The results AMAZING!!!! It looks so natural and matches my face perfectly. The Dr and his assistant both responded in the middle of the night to a question I sent them after the surgery. That is outstanding care!! I picked Dr Cem because he specializes in noses and is highly rated. I am working to take my daughter there soon for him to work his magic on her nose also. Before and two weeks later pictures! Thank you Dr Cem

About Bookimed service

Bookimed get me multiple surgery quotes with specific details spelled out in just a day or two. The quotes included transportation , your hotel and surgery information. They also kept checking back with me without being pushy during my decision making process

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Updated: 07/09/2026

Authored by

Head of Content Marketing Team

A certified medical writer with 10+ years of experience, developed Bookimed’s trusted content, backed by a Master’s in Philology and medical expert interviews worldwide.

Reviewed by Bookimed Medical Advisor

Medical Editor & Data Scientist

General practitioner. Winner of 4 scientific awards. Served in Western Asia. Former Team Leader of a medical team supporting Arabic-speaking patients. Now responsible for data processing and medical content accuracy.

This page may feature information relating to various medical conditions, treatments, and healthcare services available in different countries. Please be advised that the content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice or guidance. Please consult with your doctor or a qualified medical professional before starting or changing medical treatment.